ALL CANCER SURGERIES
ALL CANCER SURGERIES
1. Diagnostic Surgery:
- Biopsy:
This involves removing a tissue sample for examination under a microscope to confirm cancer presence and type.
- Staging Surgery:
Determines the extent of cancer spread, including size, location, and the impact on nearby lymph nodes.
2. Treatment Surgery:
- Curative Surgery:
Aims to remove all cancerous tissue, potentially including nearby lymph nodes, to achieve a cure.
- Debulking Surgery:
Removes a large portion of the tumor, even if not all, to reduce its size and potentially improve the effectiveness of other treatments.
- Palliative Surgery:
Relieves symptoms and improves quality of life for patients with advanced cancer, such as removing blockages or relieving pain.
3. Preventive Surgery:
- Prophylactic Surgery:
Removes tissues or organs that have a high risk of developing cancer in individuals with a strong family history or genetic predisposition.
4. Reconstructive Surgery:
- Restorative Surgery:
Aims to restore the appearance or function of a body part affected by cancer or its treatment, such as breast reconstruction or oral cavity reconstruction.
5. Specialized Surgical Techniques:
- Cryosurgery:
Uses extreme cold (liquid nitrogen) to destroy abnormal tissue or cancer cells.
- Electrosurgery:
Uses heat from electricity to cut or destroy tissue, often used for cancers of the mouth, throat, skin, and cervix.
- Laser Surgery:
Uses focused light beams to cut, shrink, or destroy tumors.
- Mohs Surgery:
A specialized technique for skin cancer, removing layers of tissue and examining them under a microscope until no cancer cells are found.
- Microsurgery:
Involves the use of magnification and precision instruments to reconnect blood vessels or delicate tissues.
- Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS):
Uses fluorescent agents to highlight cancerous tissue during surgery, aiding in tumor removal.
- Minimally Invasive Surgery:
Includes techniques like laparoscopic or robotic-assisted surgery, which involve smaller incisions and potentially faster recovery times.
Examples of Cancer Types and Corresponding Surgeries:
- Breast Cancer:
Mastectomy (breast removal), lumpectomy (removal of the tumor include some surrounding tissues).
- Lung Cancer:
Lobectomy (removal of a lobe of the lung), segmentectomy (removal of a smaller portion), wedge resection (removal of a small wedge).
- Colorectal Cancer:
Colectomy (removal of a part or the complete colon), proctectomy (removal of the rectum).
- Prostate Cancer:
Prostatectomy (removal of the prostate gland).
- Pancreatic Cancer:
Whipple procedure is the removal of the head of the pancreas, duodenum, and other structures.